Census Bureau, New York could have kept this seat if 89 additional residents had been counted in New York. Pennsylvania Supreme Court appoints chair of state legislative redistricting commission. The state supreme court appointed Nordenberg as chair after the four other members of the commission failed to agree on an appointment. The commission has the sole authority to draft and implement new state legislative district maps. On May 1, voters in Austin, Texas, voted According to the Austin Law Department , ranked-choice voting is not currently permitted under Texas state law.
State law currently makes no mention of ranked-choice voting. What happens next? It remains to be seen whether Texas lawmakers will adopt a law permitting cities and counties to use ranked-choice voting. There is no legislation to that effect currently before the Texas Legislature. About ranked-choice voting : In a ranked-choice voting system RCV , voters rank candidates by preference on their ballots. If a candidate wins a majority of first-preference votes, he or she is declared the winner.
If no candidate wins a majority of first-preference votes, the candidate with the fewest first-preference votes is eliminated. First-preference votes cast for the failed candidate are eliminated, lifting the second-preference choices indicated on those ballots. A new tally is conducted to determine whether any candidate has won a majority of the adjusted votes.
The process is repeated until a candidate wins an outright majority. Maine is the only state that has thus far implemented ranked-choice voting at the statewide level. Using this method, each state population is divided by an adjustable divisor to obtain a quotient.
The quotients are then rounded to whole numbers and one adjusts the divisor until the rounded numbers add up to the required number of seats. Any such rule is called a divisor method; the only issue is how to round the quotients to whole numbers. In addition to the methods of Jefferson and Webster, three other divisor methods have been proposed over the course of U.
John Quincy Adams argued in that all quotients should be rounded up instead of down, no matter how small their fractional parts. Conveniently, this would have saved a couple of seats for New England, his constituency.
Otherwise, he said it should be rounded down. The harmonic mean of two numbers is their product divided by their average. So if a quotient is 2. Joseph Hill, a Census Bureau statistician, suggested an equally bizarre alternative in that was later refined by Harvard mathematician Edward Huntington, and which the House uses to apportion seats today. They argued that a quotient should be rounded up if it exceeds the geometric mean or square root of the product of the two nearest whole numbers.
Using this method, a quotient of 2. An inspection of the table reveals an interesting pattern. Arranged in the order Adams, Dean, Hill, Webster, Jefferson, each divisor method progressively favors large states more and small states less. From a policy standpoint, the crucial question is whether any of these methods treats small and large states even-handedly over a period of years. To examine this issue empirically, we can review the solutions that each of these methods would have given if they had been used from see figure 3.
The remaining states are then divided into three categories—large, middle, and small—with the middle category taking up the slack if the number of states is not divisible by three. For each method and each census year, I compute the per capita representation in the large states as a group and in the small states as a group.
To estimate their long-run behavior, I compute the average bias of each method up to that point in time. The results are shown in figure 3. Given these findings, it is remarkable that the current method was adopted.
Using this reasoning, it was fortunate for them that Congress was considering an odd number of methods. Previous Next Presently the U. Census Bureau must deliver the results of a decennial census to the President of the United States within nine months of the census date.
Within a week of the opening of the next Congress, the President is required by law to report the census results to Congress. Within 15 days, the Clerk must then disclose to the governor of each state how many seats his or her state is entitled.
Apportionments take effect two Congresses three years after the last census. The last 23rd Census was conducted on April 1, and apportionment will take effect for the th Congress For more information, see the United States Census Bureau website.
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