In — the number of summer seasons with extremely hot days has doubled with respect to earlier period — No statistically significant systematic changes have been found in duration of the extreme events: the long-lasting hot events of and appear to stand alone rather than being manifestations of a general trend According to observations provided by the meteorological network of Roshydromet, the warming in Russia was 1. Furthermore, the mean warming in the country was 1.
The annual maxima and minima of daily surface air temperature increased, and the difference between them decreased minima grew faster than maxima. The number of frosty days decreased. Data show that during the mean annual surface air temperature increased by 0.
Warming is more evident in winter and spring and more intensive east of the Urals 7. Warming expressed in terms of annual means is mainly due to substantive increases of temperatures in the colder periods. In warm periods, the increase in temperature trend is typical only for the Eastern Siberia and the north-western regions of Russia except for the White Sea region. Minor cooling or no clear tendency is observed for the remaining territory In Russia, as a northern country, the warming is growing faster, than for the Earth as a whole.
Temperatures in the Arctic are rising at almost double the rate of the global average. In many inland Arctic regions, surface air temperatures have warmed 0. In some regions of Russia, in particular in Siberia, the acceleration rate of annual-mean temperature is more than 4 times higher than that of the global temperature. Moreover it was the warmest year overland of the Northern Hemisphere according to the data of CRU from the middle of the 19th century 2. Over a large part of the territory of Russia the increase of the vegetation period was noted.
It is related to both the earlier beginning of spring and later autumn. At the same time the opposite tendencies are revealed in a number of regions 2.
Observations show that winter has shortened by weeks in the European part of the former Soviet Union during the period The severe heat wave in western Russia was influenced both by natural climate variability and anthropogenic climate change Climate variability led to extremely low soil moisture content.
Evapotranspiration was very low due to the very dry soil that cannot provide enough water to evaporate. As a result, little of the available surface net radiation was used for evaporation and turned into latent heat flux and most of it was turned into surface warming sensible heat flux. Looking at the heat wave, the dry soil moisture alone has increased the risk of a severe heat wave in western Russia sixfold, while climate change from to has approximately tripled it.
The combined effect of climate change and the extremely low soil moisture yields a 13 times higher heat wave risk. Thus, internal climate variability causing the dry soil moisture conditions formed a necessary basis for the extreme heat wave Anthropogenic climate change increased the probability of occurrence of this heat wave. However, the magnitude of the heat wave was within the range of natural climate variability. Even though climate change had an influence, its contribution to this heat wave magnitude was small compared to that of natural variability see also The urban heat island effect has been studied for Fennoscandia, the northern half of Norway, Sweden and Finland, and including the adjacent part of Russia.
Due to both a complicated physical nature of phenomenon and heterogeneity of observations, precipitation changes are evaluated with less confidence than surface air temperature changes.
It was found that annual precipitation over Russia increased 7. However, considerable differences were observed in patterns of region precipitation changes. The most essential changes are the increase in spring precipitation Between and , over western Russia there has been a widespread increase in annual total precipitation There has been a decrease in precipitation over the eastern regions of the country, though The data for the Northern Hemisphere in the second half of the 20th century show that in the European territory of Russia excluding the northern regions a trend of increasing of the number of days with heavy rainfall snowfall prevails.
For the northern and southern European regions of Russia the Caucasus and Cuban and in central Siberia the maximal number of successive days without precipitation is decreasing 3. Satellite measurements for the last 30 years since about , red. In the western regions of European Russia, Transbaikalia, and Chukci region there was a tendency for a decrease in snow depth. The main reason of such a change in recent decades was the surface air temperature rise 1.
East Oceania. East Oceania All the countries. Climate - Siberia Average weather, temperature, rainfall, when to go, what to pack. Index Introduction The Pole of Cold - Ojmjakon , Yakutsk North coast and islands The southern cities - Yekaterinburg , Omsk , Blagoveshchensk Eastern coasts and islands - Anadyr , Magadan , Petropavlovsk , Vladivostok Best Time What to pack Introduction In the endless territory of Asian Russia, the climate is characterized by frigid winters : in fact, the coldest inhabited places in the world are found here.
Moreover, if we exclude the northernmost part, where the climate is Arctic or sub-Arctic, and partly the east coast which has a cold maritime climate, summer is mild to warm in most of the territory because of the strong continentality, and it can sometimes even get hot.
During winter, in most of the territory, the powerful Siberian Anticyclone dominates, except in the eastern seas, where the clashes between continental and maritime air masses give rise to intense low pressure areas, which can bring heavy snowfalls. In the vast plains, in the West Siberian Plain but also in the valleys of the Central Siberian Plateau and of Yakutia, cold air stagnates to the soil, and the sky is often gray, with frequent light snowfalls, while cold outbreaks from the Arctic may lead to raging gusts of blizzard.
During July, the warmest month for most of Siberia, visitors are typically able to shed most of their cold weather gear and enjoy average temperatures of 64 degrees in Yakutsk and 59 degrees in Verhojansk, with little risk of the temperature dropping below freezing. Little precipitation falls over much of Siberia, with average annual precipitation levels falling at just over 8 inches for Yakutsk and at 6 inches for Verhojansk. The majority of the precipitation is seen during the months of June through August, with at least an inch of rain, or periodic snow, falling each month.
February and March bring Yakutsk's lowest precipitation levels of. However, the snow that does fall during the winter months remains on the ground for up to days. Siberia's spring and autumn seasons are typically brief, with a sudden transition to cold winter weather to warm summer temperatures being quite common, however, the fall season does produce colorful foliage, notes the Lonely Planet website.
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