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Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell WBC. There are two varieties: T cells and B cells. Both play a critical role in your immune system by helping your body fight infection and disease. This article reviews five key facts about lymphocytes, including where they are found, what they look like, how the two kinds differ, how doctors test for them, and what diseases are associated with them.
Once lymphocytes are formed within your bone marrow, they travel to and perform various functions within your lymphatic system. Your lymphatic system is an intricate network of lymph channels, nodes, tissues, and organs that work together to release lymphocytes and other infection-fighting cells.
Small, bean-shaped structures called lymph nodes are strategically situated along the network of lymphatic channels. Lymphocytes can travel to your lymph nodes where they monitor for and destroy foreign invaders, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi, and other toxins. Besides your lymph nodes, lymphocytes can also gather within various lymphoid tissues and organs in your body, such as your spleen , tonsils , intestines, and the lining of your airways.
Lymphocytes are white blood cells that are found in your bloodstream, lymph nodes, lymph channels, and various tissues and organs like your spleen and gut. There are two main kinds of lymphocytes—T cells and B cells.
T cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity—what's essentially cell-to-cell combat. T cells travel from your bone marrow to your thymus , a small gland located behind your breastbone, where they begin maturing into a specific type of T cell. The different types of T cells include:. Once formed in the bone marrow, B cells travel to the spleen and lymph nodes. Unlike T cells, B cells don't kill foreign invaders themselves.
Rather, they produce Y-shaped proteins called antibodies that attach to the surfaces of invaders and disable them or serve as markers for destruction by other immune system cells. This process is called humoral immunity. There are two main types of B cells:. There are two main kinds of lymphocytes. While B cells help the body identify things that can do it harm, T cells mainly seek them out and destroy them. Lymphocytes are not visible to the naked eye. This means that they can only be seen when a drop of blood is smeared on a slide, treated with the right stains, and placed under a microscope.
The test is done with a blood sample. A needle is used to draw blood from a vein in your arm or hand. Having a blood test with a needle carries some risks.
These include bleeding, infection, bruising, and feeling lightheaded. When the needle pricks your arm or hand, you may feel a slight sting or pain. Afterward, the site may be sore. You don't need to prepare for this test. But be sure your healthcare provider knows about all medicines, herbs, vitamins, and supplements you are taking. This includes medicines that don't need a prescription and any illegal drugs you may use.
Search Encyclopedia. Lymphocyte profile, lymphocyte subset panel What is this test? This test finds and counts 3 types of white blood cells in your blood. This test looks at 3 types of lymphocytes to see how well your immune system is working: B lymphocytes B cells.
Why do I need this test? This shows a neutrophil in a blood smear. There is a single nucleus, which is multilobed, and can have between 2 and 5 lobes. The chromatin in the nucleus is condensed. This means that there isn't protein synthesis.
There are few organelles in the cytoplasm. Neutrophils are the commonest type of white blood cell found in a blood smear. Function: Neutrophils are born in the bone marrow. They circulate in the blood for hours, and then enter the tissues. They are motile, and phagocytic and will destroy damaged tissue and bacteria. They self destruct after one burst of activity. This picture shows an eosinophil in a blood smear. You can see that eosinophils only have two lobes to their nucleus.
These cells have large acidophilic specific granules - these stain bright red, or reddish-purple. These granules contain proteins that are 'destructive' and toxic. Function : These cells are born in the bone marrow, and migrate from the peripheral blood system after a few hours, into loose connective tissue in the respiratory and gastointestinal tracts. They phagocytose antigen-antibody complexes.
They also produce histaminase, and aryl suphatase B, two enzymes that inactivate two inflammatory agents released by mast cells.
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