Humanity had pure brown pigments from the beginning of art. Umber is a natural earth color with many natural raw umber, raw sienna and manmade burnt umber, burnt sienna variations, providing painters throughout history with many brown shades to satisfy their visual needs. In the 17th century, another natural earth color came into use, namely Van Dyke brown.
Egyptian mummies were exhumed and processed for commercial use as artist paint. Another odd source of the color brown was the cuttlefish, whose secretions of dark ink were used to create sepia dye. These days, artificial dyes have replaced cuttlefish ink for sepia. Brown may cover a wide range of the visible spectrum because it refers to more hues yellow, orange, or red in combination with low luminance or saturation. Its shades are named using composite adjectives, such as red brown, yellowish brown, dark brown, and so forth.
Browns can be made from primary colors, mixing blue with yellow to get green and then, mixing green with red. Browns can also be made simply by mixing orange or red color with a bit of black paint.
Ground is the term describing the layer applied to the support as a preparation for painting. Then make tertiary colors by mixing primary colors with the nearest secondary colors.
For example, you might mix yellow with green to make yellow-green, or yellow with orange to make yellow-orange. Tints are light values that are made by mixing a color with white. For example, pink is a tint of red, and light blue is a tint of blue. Shades are dark values that are made by mixing a color with black.
Maroon is a shade of red, and navy is a shade of blue. This painting by Vincent Van Gogh , Fields in a Rising Storm, has tints and shades of blue in the sky, and tints and shades of green in the fields.
Start with some paint in your favorite color. Mix it with different amounts of white to make tints, and different amounts of black to make shades. Then try creating a picture or a design that uses all these tints and shades. Complementary com-pluh-MEN-tuh-ree colors sit opposite each other on the color wheel. Because they are opposites, they tend to look especially lively when used together. When you put complementary colors together, each color looks more noticeable. Red and green are an example of complementary colors.
The reddish-pink color of the flowers really stands out against the green background. Imagine if Sargent had painted all yellow or blue flowers instead. They would just blend in with the green ho-hum.
Choose colors that are opposite each other on the color wheel. For example, you might choose blue and orange. Make a picture that uses both colors. Don't they make an interesting contrast?
That's because the colors are opposites. Analogous uh-NAL-uh-gus colors sit next to each other on the color wheel. They tend to look pleasant together because they are closely related.
Orange, yellow-orange, and yellow are an example of analogous colors. They are blended nicely in Sunflowers , a painting by Vincent Van Gogh. How do you know that these colors are closely related?
Mixing a range of browns does not have to be a mysterious shot in the dark, however. There are several benefits to learning to mix neutral colors both browns and grays. Less waste. Without a methodical approach to mixing neutral colors some mixture are sure to miss there mark. Unused colors are a wast of money, time and effort. Simplify the palette. Working with a smaller set of colors on the palette makes remixing colors simpler. It also imparts harmony among all the colors in a work of art.
There is nothing wrong with purchasing a tube of paint brown paint. This author uses Raw Umber from time to time. Still yet, there is something quite right about developing the skills to mix specific browns.
Become a better artist. Besides neutrals, the world is full of other dull colors. Being able to purposefully create colors of varying intensity is a required skill for representational artists.
Those that are able to mix a range of browns can use the same approach to dull down other colors. Dull colors are important because they help the brighter ones to stand out in a work of art.
The Long Answer to Mixing Brown The complete answer to mixing brown is complex and touches on several color theory concepts. They are the reds, yellows, and blues.
Secondary colors are the colors made by mixing pairs of primary hues. Oranges, greens, and purples are the secondary colors. Red and yellow make orange. Yellow and blue make green. Blue and red make purple. Complementary colors are pairs of colors across from each other on the colors wheel. Just as black and white are opposite values, complementary pairs are opposite colors. Side by side, complementary colors help each other to stand out and appear more intense. Conversely, when mixed, they are like positive and negative numbers, canceling each other out.
They reduce the brightness intensity of one another.
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